Compound marine turbine.



No. 788,006. PATBNTED APR. 25, 1905. J. WILKINSON.

GOMPOUND MARINE TURBINE.

APPLIUATION FILED AUG. 24, 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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J. WILKINSON.

GOMPUUND MARINE TURBINE.

APYLIOATION FILED AUG. 24, 1904.

4 SHBETS-BHEET 2.

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PATENTED APR. 25, 1905. J. WILKINSON, GMPUUND MARINE T-URBINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.24,1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET a.

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@ w mw No. 788,006. PATBNTBD APR. 25, 1905. J. WILKINSON.

GOMPOUND MARINE TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG.24, 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

UNTTED STATES Patented April 25, 1905.

ATENT Price.

JAMES M'ILKINSON, OF BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA, ASSIGNOR 'IO WILKINSON'lURBINE COMPANY, OF BIRMINGHAINI, ALABAMA, A CORPORATION OF ALABAMA.

COMPOUND MARINE TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 788,006, dated April25, 1905.

Application filed August 24, 1904. Serial No. 221,986.

To Irl/fomy if 11mg/ con/ecrit.

Beit known thatl, Janes lViLkiNsoN, a citizen of the United States,residing at Birmingham, in the county of Jefferson and State. of

passag'es of each of these latter turbines un- 5o der the control oftheir respective controller mechanisms. Ihen reversing the vessel, thesesecondary units become high-pressure Alabama, have invented new anduseful Im turbines, the motor-fluid pressure being' adprovements inCompound Marine Turbines, of mitted directly to their hightorque-reversing 55 which the following is a specification.workingpassages,whiletheircontroller mech- My invention relates toimprovements in a anisms close the forward-driving working pascompoundmarine turbine the several turbine sag'es. '.lhus being independent, oneof these IO units of which are so constructed and coupled latterturbines may operate in series with thel up that I am enabled to secureina comparatively simple manner and without loss in the efficient actionof the motor fluid the requisite variations in speed and power as wellas I5 independent control of the several propellershafts necessary forthe successful propulsion and steering' of vessels. At the same time ladapt one or more of the turbine units to reverse with high torque.

initial turbine while the other is reversing', 6o or both may operate inmultiple, driving the vessel forward, or both may reverso when thehigh-pressure turbine will be out of service, its only communicationwith the exhaust or condenser being tln'oug'h the full-speed work- 65ing passages of the secomlary turbines which are then maintained closed.For cruising motor fluid is admitted to the half-speed work- Having inpatents heretofore issued to me ing passages of the initial turbine' todrive shown turbines provided with independent l its propeller-shaftslowly, and the fluid ex- 7o groups of working' passages designed todrive hausting into one or both of the secondary the shaft at two speeds--one representing full turbines will be lower in pressure than when andthe other cruising' speedmand having' operating at full speed, so thatthe speed and shown these turbines adapted to reverse the power of theselatter turbines will be reduced.

vessel at half speed or drive it forward at This will effect arelatively slowspeed of pro- 75 cruising speed in addition to theirnormal or pulsion of the vessel without sacrificing any eration indriving forward at full speed, it is economy in operation. lt will thusbe evimy purpose in my present invention to comdent that with a minimumnumber of turbine these novel types of turbine to provide bines I amable to secure a highly-efficient a multiple or compound marine turbineof action of the steam both to drive the vessel 8O high efficiency andwide range of usefulness at fulland cruisingspeeds and to reverse withwhich is compact in form and 'apable of behigh power, the severalturbines being'of such ing' readily controlled. W'ith this object in acharacter that they can be independently view I provide a group of threetwo-speed controlled to secure the necessary independturbines, each ofwhich drives a separate pro ent operation to utilize them in steering'and 85 peller-shaft and is provided with an independmaneuvering theveseel. ent controller mechanism` so that they are A further object ofmy present invention capable of independent action. Motor fluid is toprovide these several turbines with inde- 40 to drive the vessel forwardis admitted to the pendent controller mechanisms capable ofinitialorhigh-pressuretwo-speednon-reversivarying the volume andcontrolling' the flow 90 ble turbine, with which the sccomlary twoofmotor fluid through the several groups of speed reversible turbines arecoupled up by working passages of each turbine. The consuitable conduitsin what may be termed multroller mechanisms for the reversing-turbinestiple series" e.. a separate conduit leads constitute thesubject-mattei' of a pending apfrom the exhaust-head of thehigh-pressure turbine to the supply-heini of each secondary turbine,from which the pressure has access to the full-speed Vforward-drivingworking plication, upon which, however, the controller mechanism for theinitial turbine is an improvement in that it is adapted to control theadmission of motor fluid to either group the supply-head andbucket-Wheel of one of of working passages therein or to both of themsimultaneously. The purpose of this is to enable all the workingpassages to be thrown open to increase the volume of motor iiuid tlowingthrough the initial turbine to secure an overload power from thesecondary turbines. rIhe loss in efficiency in the action of the fluidin the initial turbine is compensated by the increased power and speedderived from the low-pressure turbines.

I simplify the control of the several turbines by providing operatingmeans for their respective controller mechanisms, which can bemanipulated from a common point of control.

My invention further comprises the details of construction andarrangement of parts hereinafter described, and illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which- Figure 1is a side elevation of my compound marine turbine. Fig. 2 is a top planview of the same. Fig. 3 is a broken-away view through the reversibleturbines, taken to show in section part of the inner and outer workingpassages. Fig. 4 is a detail sectional view of the bucket-wheel in Fig.3. Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 3, taken through the two-speedforward-driving turbine. Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the bucket-wheelin Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a View similar to Fig'. 3 of the otheroppositely-acting reversing-turbine, taken, however, through one of thediaphragms to illustrate the similarity of the supply and stage valvesof the several turbines. Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the bucket-wheelin Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of the two-speed forward-drivingturbine, partly broken away to illustrate internal construction. Figs.10 and 11 are similar views of the two reversible turbines. Figs. 12.13, and 14 show the controller mechanism for the non-reversible turbinein different operating positions, and Fig. 15 is a detail sectional Viewof the half and full speed nozzles and their valve-controller mechanism.Fig. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view of a controller mechanism alongthe line ft' Fig. 14. Figs. 17 and 18 are sections along the lines y yand e a of Fig.- 16. Fig. 19 is a sectional view of a modified form ofcontroller mechanism for the reversible turbines.

Similar reference -numerals refer to the same parts throughout thedrawings.

The turbine units 1, 2, and 3 of the battery are preferably arranged asshown'and mounted upon a common bed-plate.

The turbines 2 and 3 are of the multiplestage reversible type more fullydescribed in Letters Patentissued to me, Nos. 752,496 and 761,866, andhere briefly described as comprising an inner casing formed by aplurality of abutting diaphragms 4, provided each with i two rows ofreversely-disposed nozzles 5 and l 6, which discharge motor fluidagainst buckets 7 and 8, respectively, disposed in concentric rows on abucket-wheel 9 and at different radial distances from the shaft to whichthe Wheel is keyed. The succeeding nozzle-passages and interposedbuckets form inner and outer working passages, which increase in areaacross stages in proportion with the eX- pansion of the iuid and actwith opposite driving effects upon the shaft.

Each wheel 9 carries two parallel rows of buckets 8, between which isinterposed a stationary row of intermediateslO. I therefore fractionallyabstract the velocity of the motor uid a greater number of times in theouter than the inner working passages, thus securing, when fluid isadmitted to the outer passages, a relatively slower rate of speed.

I provide a rotary fluid-actuated valve 11 tol govern the admission ofHuid-pressure to each nozzle 5 and similar valves 12 for the nozzles 6.Any suitable controller mechanism, such as that described in theabove-mentioned patents, may be used to operate the valves of theseturbines 2 and 3, that shown in the drawings constituting thesubject-matter of a pending application. I have, however, illustrated itin connection with the controller mechanism for turbine 1, bothmechanisms comprising a casing 13, secured to the side of the outerturbine-shell 14, between which and the turbine-casing is formed anannular fluidpressure-supply chamber 15. This casing 13 has two rows ofopenings 16 and 17, which register with openings in the shell leading topipes 18 and 19, respectively. These pipes, which are connected throughhand-holes 2O in the shell, are disposed around the inner casing and areadapted to communicate with reciprocating fluid-pressure motors 21,seated in the supply-head and diaphragms and having pistons 22, whichmove both the supply and stage valves 11 and 12 by means of suitablestems and cranks. The pipes 18 conduct duid-pressure to operate thevalves 11 in the outer working passages, while pipes 19 control thevalves for the other working passages. Within casing 13 of thecontroller mechanism for turbines 2 and 3, which I am now describing, isarotary shell 23, having a single row of openings 24, adapted toregister with either 16 or 17. Motor-iuid pressure is admitted tochamber 15 through a port 25 and by a passage 26 from the chamberthrough an opening leading from a groove 27 into one end of shell 23,which constitutes a cylinder for the controller-piston 28. The shellcommunicates by an opening 26/ at its other end with port 29 in thecasing, which leads to the atmosphere or other low or exhaust pressure.The shell acts as a valve to prevent the escape IOO IIO

IIS

of the pressure in the casing through port 29 suitably geared orconnected, and by its position determines the number ofl openings Q4exposed to the pressure ot' the atmosphere. VIt will be observed thatshell 23 is reduced, except where openings 21 lead through it, to leavea clearance. between it and the casing 13, which constitutes a chamberpractically surrounding the shell and exposed to the high pressure whichis admitted to the easing through opening' 26 from chamber 15. Thispressure holds the shell 23 as a valve firmly against the easing 13 toprevent leakage into the openings 16 and 1T or Q9. Then pressure is notsupplied to motors 21, springs 31, such as shown in the motors tor thevalves of' turbine 1, may be used to open the turbine-valves. Hence inall the turbines the valves of' the working passages controlled by thepipes exposed to the high pressure in the casing will all be heldclosed, as will also so man y valves ot' the active working passages ashave pressure admitted to their motors by the controller-piston Q8. Itmay be here noted that each pipe 18 or 19 may bysuitable branches, suchas 16' and 1.9/` control a plurality of motors *21 for the valves,admitting fluid to any one ofI the compartments or to all ot' thecompartments or to a row or rows of' motors in the line ot' the finidsflow across compartments.

By reference to Fig. 1l it will be seen that the tiuid pressure in thesupplychamber 15 ofl turbines and 3 is admitted by passages 32, leadingthrough supply-heads to only the nozzles 6 for the outer row of half'-speed-reversing working' passages. The inner row ot supply-nozzles 5open into the supply-chamber f'ormed by a casing 34, secmed to the endotl shell 14C or to the annular retaining-ring 35, which interlocks withthe shell and serves as an abutment to lock head 33 in place. This andall the preceding description applies equally to turbines 2 and 3, itbeing noted that their respective shafts 36 and 3T are provided withpropellers 3S and 31), designed to rotate in reverse directions whiledriving the vessel forward. For this reason the corresponding buckets ontheir respective wheels 9 are reversed, as may be seen by comparing'Figs. 3 and T.

The turbine 1 is also provided with nozzles 5/ and 6/ and valves 11/ and12' ot' similar construction to the corresponding parts ot' turbinesQand 3. These, together with buckets T and 8', constitute inner and outerworking passages operating to drive the turbine at different speeds; buthere all the passages are similarly disposed and act to drive theturbine in but one direction and that forward. The motor-fluid pressure,which is admitted to the supply-chamber l5 through port 10, enterspassages 41, leading' inwardly through supply-head 42 to the inlet endsof the supply-nozzles t'or all the working passages, its admission tothe inner or the outer row ot' passages, or both, being controlled byagoverning mechanism which differs from that already described Vforturbines 2. and 3 in that the rotary shell 43, which corresponds to Q3,is provided on its under side with a plurality of' circumf'erentially-elongated recesses 1%, formed in the portion through whichthe openings 24 pass. Each opening' Qsl. opens into one of theserecesses, all of' which are sut'- ficiently wide to span both ot' a pairof oppositely-disposed openings 16 and 17 in the casing 13 when theshell is moved to an intermediate position. The opening 26 in the shellenters one ofl these recesses, which registers with port 29, being incommunication therewith throughout the operating positions ot' theshell. 1n this position the high pressure around the shell will not haveaccess to either group of' pipes, and consequently the piston Q8 willsimultaneously control the valves of' all the working passages byopening their controller-pipes to the high or exhaust pressure in theshell.

The stem 4:5 of.l the piston projects through a hollow spindle 16,integral with an end ofl the shell 3, and this, with the said spindle17, projects through suitably-packed openings 18 in the casing 1?),which thus serves as a bearing for the shell. A crank or handle e9 isfixed to the spindle 16, and a packinggland prevents leakage around stem45. A rack 51 is connected to the outer end et' the stem and meshes witha pinion on a rod 53, mounted in bearings 54 and provided with universaljoints, so that it can be operated vf'rom the same point with rodsZ-O,which shif't the controller-pistons for turbines 2 and 3. lith the sameobject in view l provide a jointed rod to operate crank L19 from thepoint of' common control to rotate shell 43 to open either or both ot'the rows otl working passages in turbine 1, and similar means may beused to operate shells Q3. lVhen shell TLS i's moved to either extremeposition, it will act in the same manner as shell to cut the inner orthe outer working passages out ot' service, while the piston controlsthe flow of' fluid through the active passages. This method of' controlfor a two-speed non-reversible turbine l claim, broadly, herein withoutlimitation to any specific mechanism for carrying it into efl'ect. .lalso desire to protect hereby the detailed construction of' thecontroller mechanism `for turbine 1 as a modification of the controllermechanism constituting, broadly, the subject-matterof'a pendingapplication.

Having thus described the independent operation ot' each of the turbineunits, .I will now re'f'er to the manner in which they coperate indriving the vessel. Motor-fluid pressure is supplied to turbine 1through pipes 56, which join and enter port 40. Branch pipes 5T admitpressure to ports f'or turbines 2 and 3. The Huid-pressure fiowing IOOIOS

IIO

' working passages in turbine l; also, by openthrough the workingpassages in turbine l is only partly converted into velocity, so that itenters the exhaust-head 58 of that turbine under considerable pressure.From this head 58 lead two branch conduits 59 and 60 to thesupply-chambers 34 of turbines 2 and 3, respectively. From chambers 34it Hows under the control of Valves 11 through the inner workingpassages to the exhaust-heads 61 of these turbines, when it will havebeen expanded to the atmosphere or condenser pressure. I providesuitable bearings 62 for the shafts 36 and 37 and also for shaft 63 ofturbine 1, which is provided with a propeller 64, designed to driveforward in the same direction as propeller 38.

rIhe controller mechanisms for the several turbines being independent,either turbine 2 or 3 may be cut out of communication with turbine l byclosing the inner row of working passages. Also by admitting initialpressure to the outer working passages of the turbine thus cutoutit willreverse at high torque. All the turbines may be forced, at slight lossin etiiciency in turbine 1, by opening all the ing all the forwardworking passages in turbine 1 and varying the number open in turbines 2and 3 pressure will bank up in turbine l until it practicallyconstitutes a conduit to admit full pressure to turbines 2 and 3 toincrease the speed of rotation. When desired, both turbines 2 and 3 maybe caused to reverse when turbine l will be out of service, due to thefact that all exhaust of pressure therefrom is interrupted by valves 1l.These and other combinations may be effected to secure a wide range andvaried character of control for the group of turbines.

Though the motor uid is expanded and the Huid-pressure thereof isfractionally abstracted a greater number of times in the hightorquereversing-passages of turbines 2 and 3 than in the forward-drivingpassages, yet since these latter working passages normally operate inseries with turbine l the forward and reversing speeds of turbines 2 and3 are substantially the same. This enables the proper proportioning ofthe propellers for most efcient action when driven in either direction.

TheV utilization of valve means to independently close the low-pressureworking passages of the secondary turbines enables me to vary the supplyof exhaust fluid thereto at highest economy and at the same time tocontrol the flow of motor fluid through the initial turbine byregulating' the exhaust therefrom. In View of the multiple series inwhich the turbines of the set are grouped this valve control enables meto regulate the cooperation of all the turbines to produce an efiicientand very flexible control for any required speed or power.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is ,n

l. In a set of turbines driving separate shafts, a high-pressuremulticellular turbine having full and cruising speed working passages,and one or more turbines coupled up in series with said high-pressureturbine.

2. In a set of turbines driving separate shafts, a high-pressuremulticellular turbine having full and cruising speed working passages,and a plurality of turbines coupled up in series with said high-pressureturbine.

3. In a set of turbines driving separate shafts, a high-pressuremulticellular turbine having full and cruising speed, forward-driving,working passages, one or more low-pressure turbines havingforward-driving working' passages, and means to connect said latterworking passages in series with the working ing passages of saidhigh-pressure turbine.

4. In a set of turbines driving independent shafts and havingindependent working passages, a high-pressure turbine having anexhaust-head, a low-pressure turbine having a supply-head, a conduitbetween said heads, valve means to control the admission of motor iiuidsuccessively to the several supply-nozzles for the working passages ofthe low-pressure turbine and to control the exhaust from saidhigh-pressure turbine.

5. In a set of marine turbines driving independent shafts, a pluralityof turbines operating in series, the low-pressure turbine or turbinesconnected to an exhaust or condenser and having a plurality ofvalve-controlled, motor-iuid-supply passages, and means to ope-n orclose said passages to control both the supply to the low-pressureturbines and the exhaust from the high-pressure turbine.

6. In a set of marine turbines operating in series and drivingindependent shafts, a highpressure turbine, one or more low-pressureturbines having a plurality of motor-iiuid-admission passages, amotor-fiuid-supply chamber or chambers for said passages into which saidhigh pressure turbine exhausts, and means to control the cooperation ofthe set of turbines by opening or closing said passages.

7. In a set of marine turbines driving different shafts, a high-pressureturbine, one or more two-speed, axial-How, reversible turbines, andmeans to compound said turbines.

8. A plurality of turbines drivingindependent shafts, a two-speed,non-reversible, highpressure turbine with substantially the same initialand exhaust pressure for both driving speeds, a low-pressure turbine.and means to exhaust the pressure from said high to said low pressureturbine.

9. In a set of marine turbines, ahigh-pressure turbine operating by theinstrumentality of different working passages to drive forward at fulland cruising speeds, and one or more turbines compounded with saidhighpressure turbine and adapted to operate as IOO IZO

low-pressure forward-driving turbines and as independent highpressurereversing-turbines, said latter turbines operating in either directionat substantially the same speed and efliciency.

1l). VIn asetof nnilticellular marine turbines driving different shafts,a two-speed, forwardl driving, high-pressu re turbine, a low-pressureforward-driving turbine adapted to reverse at high torque, and means toconnect said turbines so that they operate in series in driving forward.

l1. ln a setof marine turbines, a high-pressure turbine, one or moreturbines having axially-disposed forward and reversing working passages,means to supply high pressure to said reversing working passages and tosaid high-pressure turbine` and means to exhaust the pressure from saidlatter turbine into the forward-driving working passages of saidreversible turbines.

1Q. ln a setof marine turbines drivingI different shafts. one or moremultieellular reversible turbines having independent working passages, ahigh-pressu re turbine, connections 1 to direct the motor fluid inseries from said high-pressure turbine through the low-pressure workingpassages of said reversible turbine or turbines, and means to admit ahigh pressure to the otherl working passages of said latter turbine orturbines.

13. ln a set of marine turbines driving different shafts, ahigh-pressure two-speed nonreversible turbine, two or more axial-flowhigh-torque reversible turbines, conduits to connect said turbines withsaid high-pressure turbine so that they ope-rate in series therewith indriving forward, and means to admit high pressure to the high-torquereversingpassages of said reversible turbines.

la. In a set of compound axial-flow turbines, an initial high-pressure,forward-driving, turbine having working passages for driving apropeller-shaft at full speed, and working pass-ages for driving saidpropellershaft at a lower speed, a secondary turbine having low-pressureworking passages connected up in series with said initial turbine, andhigh-pressure, high-toupie` reversingpassages, and means to control theadmission of motor fluid to the working passages of said turbines.

15. In a two-speed forward-driving turbine, high speed working passages,low speed working passages, means to close one set of passages whilecontrolling the admission of pressure to the other set. said means beingalso :alapted to control the admission simultaneously to both sets ofworking passages.

16. lna two-speed forward-driving turbine, one or more working passagesoperating efliciently to drive the turbineat full speed, one or moreworking passages operating efficiently to drive the turbine at a lowspeed,

means to cut said working passages into or out of service, and acontroller mechanism for said means adapted to control either the fullor low speed passage or passages, while cutting the other passage orpassages out of service, and to control the admission of motor fluid tothe working passages `for both driving speeds to compensate overloadconditions.

1T. In a set of marine turbines, an initial high-pressure turbineoperating in'series with one or more low-pressure turbines, saidhighpressure turbine comprising independent working passages to driveits propeller-shaft at two speeds in the same direction, and acontroller means which varies the admission of Inotor fluid to high orlow speed working passages under normal-load conditions, and whichadmits motor fluid under control to all of the working' passages underoverload conditions.

18. ln a set of marine turbines, an initial highpressure turbineprovided with independent groups of Vfull and cruising speed workingpassages, means to control the admission of high pressure to either orboth of said groups of passages, and one or more lowpressure turbinesadapted to operate in series with said high-pressure turbine.

19. 1n a turbine adapted to drive a propeller-shaft efficiently' at fulland cruising speeds, working passages for effecting said driving speeds,and means to control the admission of pressure to said passages eitherindependently or jointly, one or more secondary turbines having workingpassages coupled up in series with said two-speed turbine, and means tocontrol the admission of pressure to the several working passages ofsaid secondary turbine or turbines independently.

20. The combination of a compound turbine operating by stage expansionand having two independent working passages adapted t0 drive the turbineforward and comprising means to fractionally expand the motor fluid andabstract the velocity thereof a greater number of times in one than inthe other of said passages, means to control the admission of motorfluid to either or both of said working passages, with one or moreturbines operating in series with said first-mentioned turbine.

21. A turbine having two independent sets of working passages designedto drive the turbine at different speeds of rotation by theintel-position of a greater number of rows of buckets in one than in theother of said sets of working passages, a controller mechanism adaptedto control the admission of motor fluid to either set of workingpassages while closing` the other, one or more secondary turbinesoperating in series with said first-mentioned turbine, and means toadmit an overl load supply of motor fluid to said set of tur- IOO binesby admitting motor iiuid to both sets of working passages in saidfirst-mentioned turbine. A

22. In combination with a multicellular turbine having working passagesat different distances from its shaft center, the working passages beingadapted to drive the turbine forward at different speeds. one or moresecondary turbines having working passages at different distances fromits shaft center, one set of said working passages operating in serieswith either or both of the working passages of said iirst-mentionedturbine, and means to admit high pressure to the other working passagesof said latter turbine or turbines for the purpose of reversing it orthem at high torque.

23. In an elastic-fluid turbine, two sets of nozzle-passages atdifferent distances from the shaft center, different sets of rotatablebuckets coperating with said sets of nozzles, independent valves forcontrolling the flow of motor fluid through said nozzles, in combinationwith a controller mechanism adapted to close one set ot'nozzle-passages, while controlling the flow of motor fluid through theother set, and to simultaneously-control the volume of motor fluidflowing through both sets of nozzle-passag'es and discharged therebyagainst said rotatable buckets.

24. In an elastic-fluid turbine, two sets of nozzle-passages, twoindependent sets of rotatable buckets cooperating respectively with saidsets of nozzles, one set of nozzles and cooperating buckets beingadapted to drive the turbine efficiently at a lower rate of speed thanthe other set of nozzles and cooperating buckets, fluid-actuated valvemeans to cut the nozzle-passages of each set out of service, and acontroller mechanism for said valve means which is adapted tosimultaneously control the volume of motor fluid discharged through saidnozzle passages against both sets of buckets.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

JAMES WILKINSON.

Witnesses:

Noma WELSH, H. M. HARToN.

